Boil potatoes: Add potatoes to a pot, cover with cold water, salt well. Boil, then simmer 15–20 minutes until fork-tender. Drain well.
Mix patties: In a bowl, gently mix beef, onion, garlic, eggs, breadcrumbs, Worcestershire, ketchup, Dijon, salt, pepper, and optional powders. Form 6 oval patties.
Sear: Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat with oil. Sear patties 2–3 minutes per side until browned. Remove to a plate.
Cook mushrooms: Add oil to skillet. Cook onion 2 minutes. Add mushrooms + Worcestershire, stir once, then cook 4–5 minutes without stirring. Stir and cook 2–3 minutes more. Add garlic 30–60 seconds.
Roux: Add butter, melt, then sprinkle flour over mushrooms. Stir and cook 2–3 minutes.
Gravy: Whisk in broth. Add Dijon and pepper. Simmer until thickened.
Finish patties: Return patties to gravy. Simmer 8–10 minutes, flipping halfway, until cooked through.
Mash potatoes: Return drained potatoes to hot pot. Let steam 1–2 minutes. Mash with butter, then warm milk and sour cream (optional). Season with salt and pepper.
Serve: Spoon mashed potatoes onto plates, add Salisbury steak, and ladle mushroom gravy over top.